Browsing by Subject "Gut barrier"

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Effect of the Mediterranean diet on the faecal long-chain fatty acid composition and intestinal barrier integrity: An exploratory analysis of the randomised controlled LIBRE trial
(2024) Seethaler, Benjamin; Basrai, Maryam; Neyrinck, Audrey M.; Vetter, Walter; Delzenne, Nathalie M.; Kiechle, Marion; Bischoff, Stephan C.
We recently showed that adherence to the Mediterranean diet increased the proportion of plasma n-3 PUFA, which was associated with an improved intestinal barrier integrity. In the present exploratory analysis, we assessed faecal fatty acids in the same cohort, aiming to investigate possible associations with intestinal barrier integrity. Women from the Lifestyle Intervention Study in Women with Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer (LIBRE) randomised controlled trial, characterised by an impaired intestinal barrier integrity, followed either a Mediterranean diet (intervention group, n 33) or a standard diet (control group, n 35). At baseline (BL), month 3 (V1) and month 12 (V2), plasma lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, faecal zonulin and faecal fatty acids were measured. In the intervention group, faecal proportions of palmitoleic acid (16:1, n-7) and arachidonic acid (20:4, n-6) decreased, while the proportion of linoleic acid (18:2, n-6) and α linoleic acid (18:3, n-3) increased (BL-V1 and BL-V2, all P < 0·08). In the control group, faecal proportions of palmitic acid and arachidic acid increased, while the proportion of linoleic acid decreased (BL-V1, all P < 0·05). The decrease in the proportion of palmitoleic acid correlated with the decrease in plasma lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (ΔV1-BL r = 0·72, P < 0·001; ΔV2-BL r = 0·39, P < 0·05) and correlated inversely with adherence to the Mediterranean diet (Mediterranean diet score; ΔV1-BL r = –0·42, P = 0·03; ΔV2-BL r = -0·53, P = 0·005) in the intervention group. Our data show that adherence to the Mediterranean diet induces distinct changes in the faecal fatty acid composition. Furthermore, our data indicate that the faecal proportion of palmitoleic acid, but not faecal n-3 PUFA, is associated with intestinal barrier integrity in the intervention group.
Einfluss der mediterranen Ernährung auf das Fettsäuremuster von Erythrozytenmembranen sowie auf Darmmikrobiota- und Darmbarriere-assoziierte Biomarker : Mechanismen und klinische Anwendungen
(2022) Seethaler, Benjamin; Bischoff, Stephan C.
Dissertation from Benjamin Seethaler: "Effect of the Mediterranean diet on the fatty acid pattern of erythrocyte membranes and on gut microbiota- and gut barrier-associated biomarkers - mechanisms and clinical applications". In summary, the results of the PhD project offer new insights into the biomedical mechanisms of action and health effects of the Mediterranean diet. Of particular importance is the relationship we have shown between dietary fiber from the Mediterranean diet, its fermentation to short-chain fatty acids, and its beneficial influence on impaired intestinal barrier function. In the future, our studies may provide the basis for personalized nutritional therapy to improve impaired gut barrier function in high-risk breast cancer patients. Furthermore, we were able to establish LBP and zonulin as biomarkers to detect gut barrier function and to determine and assess gut barrier disorders. This method validation simplifies or enables the assessment of intestinal barrier function in clinical practice or clinical trials.
Vitamin A- and D-deficient diets disrupt intestinal antimicrobial peptide defense involving Wnt and STAT5 signaling pathways in mice
(2023) Filipe Rosa, Louisa; Petersen, Patricia P.; Görtz, Lisa F.; Stolzer, Iris; Kaden-Volynets, Valentina; Günther, Claudia; Bischoff, Stephan C.
Vitamin A and D deficiencies are associated with immune modulatory effects and intestinal barrier impairment. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. C57BL/6J mice were fed either a diet lacking in vitamin A (VAd), vitamin D (VDd) or a control diet (CD) for 12 weeks. Gut barrier function, antimicrobial peptide (AMP) defense and regulatory pathways were assessed. VAd mice compared to CD mice showed a reduced villus length in the ileum (p < 0.01) and decreased crypt depth in the colon (p < 0.05). In both VAd- and VDd-fed mice, ileal α-defensin 5 (p < 0.05/p < 0.0001 for VAd/VDd) and lysozyme protein levels (p < 0.001/p < 0.0001) were decreased. Moreover, mRNA expression of lysozyme (p < 0.05/p < 0.05) and total cryptdins (p < 0.001/p < 0.01) were reduced compared to controls. Furthermore, matrix metalloproteinase-7 (Mmp7) mRNA (p < 0.0001/p < 0.001) as well as components of the Wnt signaling pathway were decreased. VAd- and VDd-fed mice, compared to control mice, exhibited increased expression of pro-inflammatory markers and β-defensins in the colon. Organoid cell culture confirmed that vitamins A and D regulate AMP expression, likely through the Jak/STAT5 signaling pathway. In conclusion, our data show that vitamin A and D regulate intestinal antimicrobial peptide defense through Wnt and STAT5 signaling pathways.