Browsing by Subject "Greenland"

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    Umwelthygienische Untersuchungen zur Belastung von ausgewählten landwirtschaftlichen Grünlandflächen mit Hundekot sowie zur Tenazität ausgewählter bakterieller Testorganismen bei der Silierung
    (2014) Schnaufer, Stefanie; Böhm, Reinhard
    Environmental hygiene study The aim of this study was to obtain meaningful data on the contamination of agriculturally utilised greenland with dog droppings. This data enabled to determine the likelihood of a germ infection caused by dog droppings and therefore make a statement on the safety of the feed cultivated on this greenland. As part of this study all councils in the examined area were interviewed to gather information on how they deal with dog droppings. Afterwards a survey targeted at dog owners provided insight on the walking-, feeding- and defecating-habits of dogs in the area. The results of the twelve meadows examined showed, that mainly meadows close to residential areas and attractive walkways were polluted the most with dog droppings with a mean of 346 g/a. The further away the examined meadows were from residential areas the less dog droppings could be found. Meadows close to forests were only polluted to a low degree. In the year of the examination the mean of the average dog dropping contamination on the selected meadows was 242 g/a. Compared to other potential causes of faecal pollution on such greenland (e.g. manuring or sheep farming) the probability of an infection of other animals or humans caused by dog dropping is rather small. The concentrations of Clostridium perfringens, Escherichia coli, enterococci, salmonella and the total number of bacteria identified in this examination were also determined in this study and did corresponded to other studies. No salmonella were detected in any of the samples. Examination of the resistance behaviour of E. coli- and Salmonella-isolates from dog droppings This experiment was intended to give an overview of the current situation of antibiotic resistances of E. coli- and Salmonella-isolates from dog droppings to formulate a statement on the transmission risk of those resistant germs to other animals and humans. 48 E. coli-isolates and one Salmonella-isolate were examined for their sensitivity to the antibiotics ampicillin, cephalothin, enrofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline applying the agar diffusion test as well as the microdilution test. Enrofloxacin turned out to be the most effective of the antibiotics tested in this study against the E. coli-isolates with an average resistance rate of 13.55 % while tetracycline had a resistance rate of 26.05 %, followed by ampicillin (32.3 %) and cephalothin (51.05 %). Applying the agar diffusion test 90.9 % of the examined isolates showed a resistance to sulfamethoxazole with all of the isolates being resistant in the microdilution test. The Salmonella isolate was resistant to treatment with sulfamethoxazole, but showed very high susceptibility to the other antibiotics used in the agar diffusion test and in the micro-dilution test. Examinations of the tenacity during the ensiling process To determine the effect of the ensiling process on the tenacity of germs in dog droppings silage was artificially contaminated with Clostridium perfringens, Enterococcus faecalis, Salmonella Senftenberg and the parasite Cryptosporidium parvum in a laboratory setting. At the point in time where silage normally is used as feed C. perfringens and S. Senftenberg were no longer detectable. The concentration of E. faecalis was found to be up to 104 CBU/g below the infectious dose. The excystation rate of Cryptosporidium parvum decreased during ensiling from 70 % in the first sample to 26 % after 13 weeks. This data only gives information on the vitality of the oocysts, but not on their infectivity. The infectious pressure from silages like this is to rate low.