Browsing by Subject "Abiotic stress tolerance"

Type the first few letters and click on the Browse button
Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
  • Thumbnail Image
    Publication
    Capturing wheat phenotypes at the genome level
    (2022) Hussain, Babar; Akpınar, Bala A.; Alaux, Michael; Algharib, Ahmed M.; Sehgal, Deepmala; Ali, Zulfiqar; Aradottir, Gudbjorg I.; Batley, Jacqueline; Bellec, Arnaud; Bentley, Alison R.; Cagirici, Halise B.; Cattivelli, Luigi; Choulet, Fred; Cockram, James; Desiderio, Francesca; Devaux, Pierre; Dogramaci, Munevver; Dorado, Gabriel; Dreisigacker, Susanne; Edwards, David; El-Hassouni, Khaoula; Eversole, Kellye; Fahima, Tzion; Figueroa, Melania; Gálvez, Sergio; Gill, Kulvinder S.; Govta, Liubov; Gul, Alvina; Hensel, Goetz; Hernandez, Pilar; Crespo-Herrera, Leonardo Abdiel; Ibrahim, Amir; Kilian, Benjamin; Korzun, Viktor; Krugman, Tamar; Li, Yinghui; Liu, Shuyu; Mahmoud, Amer F.; Morgounov, Alexey; Muslu, Tugdem; Naseer, Faiza; Ordon, Frank; Paux, Etienne; Perovic, Dragan; Reddy, Gadi V. P.; Reif, Jochen Christoph; Reynolds, Matthew; Roychowdhury, Rajib; Rudd, Jackie; Sen, Taner Z.; Sukumaran, Sivakumar; Ozdemir, Bahar Sogutmaz; Tiwari, Vijay Kumar; Ullah, Naimat; Unver, Turgay; Yazar, Selami; Appels, Rudi; Budak, Hikmet
    Recent technological advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have dramatically reduced the cost of DNA sequencing, allowing species with large and complex genomes to be sequenced. Although bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the world’s most important food crops, efficient exploitation of molecular marker-assisted breeding approaches has lagged behind that achieved in other crop species, due to its large polyploid genome. However, an international public–private effort spanning 9 years reported over 65% draft genome of bread wheat in 2014, and finally, after more than a decade culminated in the release of a gold-standard, fully annotated reference wheat-genome assembly in 2018. Shortly thereafter, in 2020, the genome of assemblies of additional 15 global wheat accessions was released. As a result, wheat has now entered into the pan-genomic era, where basic resources can be efficiently exploited. Wheat genotyping with a few hundred markers has been replaced by genotyping arrays, capable of characterizing hundreds of wheat lines, using thousands of markers, providing fast, relatively inexpensive, and reliable data for exploitation in wheat breeding. These advances have opened up new opportunities for marker-assisted selection (MAS) and genomic selection (GS) in wheat. Herein, we review the advances and perspectives in wheat genetics and genomics, with a focus on key traits, including grain yield, yield-related traits, end-use quality, and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. We also focus on reported candidate genes cloned and linked to traits of interest. Furthermore, we report on the improvement in the aforementioned quantitative traits, through the use of (i) clustered regularly interspaced short-palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9)-mediated gene-editing and (ii) positional cloning methods, and of genomic selection. Finally, we examine the utilization of genomics for the next-generation wheat breeding, providing a practical example of using in silico bioinformatics tools that are based on the wheat reference-genome sequence.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Publication
    Effects of endophytic Bacillus spp. on accumulation and distribution of iron in the shoots of lowland rice grown under iron toxic conditions
    (2023) Weinand, Tanja; Asch, Julia; Asch, Folkard
    Background: The tolerance of plants against abiotic stresses can be greatly influenced by their interaction with microbes. In lowland rice (Oryza sativa) production, the iron toxicity of the soils constitutes a major constraint. Although there are tolerant cultivars, the mechanisms underlying the tolerance against excess iron are not fully understood. Even less is known about the role of microbes in the response to iron toxicity. Aim: In the study presented here, the effects of different Bacillus isolates on the accumulation and distribution of iron within the shoots of different rice cultivars grown under iron toxicity were analyzed. Methods: Three lowland rice cultivars with contrasting tolerance to iron toxicity (IR31785-58-1-2-3-3, Sahel 108, Suakoko 8) were inoculated with three Bacillus isolates (two B. pumilus and one B. megaterium) and, after 1 week, exposed to excess iron (1,000 ppm) for 8 days. Tolerance was evaluated by leaf symptom scoring. Results: Bacterial inoculation mitigated leaf symptoms in the sensitive cultivar IR31785-58-1-2-3-3 despite no significant differences in shoot iron concentration between inoculated and noninoculated plants. In the tolerant excluder cultivar, Suakoko 8, leaf symptoms were exacerbated when inoculated with B. pumilus Ni9MO12. While the total shoot Fe concentration was not affected in this bacteria × cultivar combination, the distribution of iron within the shoot was clearly disturbed. Tolerance to iron toxicity of the tolerant includer cultivar, Sahel 108, was not affected by Bacillus inoculation. Conclusion: In conclusion, our results show that Bacillus inoculation can affect the tolerance of lowland rice to iron toxicity and that the effects strongly depend on the bacteria × cultivar combination.