Fakultät Agrarwissenschaften

Permanent URI for this communityhttps://hohpublica.uni-hohenheim.de/handle/123456789/9

Die Fakultät entwickelt in Lehre und Forschung nachhaltige Produktionstechniken der Agrar- und Ernährungswirtschaft. Sie erarbeitet Beiträge für den ländlichen Raum und zum Verbraucher-, Tier- und Umweltschutz.

Homepage: https://agrar.uni-hohenheim.de/

Browse

Now showing 1 - 12 of 12

A low-tech approach to mobilize nutrients from organic residues to produce bioponic stock solutions
(2024) Heintze, Sebastian; Beckett, Marc; Kriem, Lukas Simon; Germer, Jörn; Asch, Folkard; Heintze, Sebastian; Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology, Nobelstr. 12, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany; (S.H.); (L.S.K.); Beckett, Marc; Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology, Nobelstr. 12, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany; (S.H.); (L.S.K.); Kriem, Lukas Simon; Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology, Nobelstr. 12, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany; (S.H.); (L.S.K.); Germer, Jörn; Hans-Ruthenberg Institute for Tropical Agricultural Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstr. 13, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (J.G.); (F.A.); Asch, Folkard; Hans-Ruthenberg Institute for Tropical Agricultural Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstr. 13, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (J.G.); (F.A.); Liu, Guodong
Organic residues, as a nutrient source suitable of producing solutions for hydroponic crop production, have the potential to reduce the dependence on mineral fertilizers. Especially in remote and resource-constrained regions, organic residues might be the only option to produce hydroponic nutrient solutions. However, nutrient solutions made from organic residues, called bioponic solutions, are usually unbalanced in their nutrient composition, which leads to deficiencies and poor plant growth. This study aimed to experimentally develop a low-tech approach to produce bioponic stock solutions rich in NO3−, P, and K, to create a balanced bioponic solution. The mixed bioponic solution contained 58 mg L−1 NH4+-N, 43 mg L−1 NO3−-N, 50 mg L−1 PO43−-P, and 246 mg L−1 K+. This approach resulted in satisfactory levels of P, K and micronutrients. The solution was tested pure and spiked with Ca(NO3)2 on lettuce in comparison with a mineral Hoagland nutrient solution. Neither the bioponic nor the spiked bioponic solution achieved comparable lettuce yields to the Hoagland solution. The poor growth of the plants in the bioponic solution was attributed to an unfavorable NH4+:NO3− ratio, high microorganism load, and elevated pH levels. However, the approach of preparing bioponic stock solutions could be promising for future research into the production of balanced bioponic nutrient solutions from organic residues.
Challenges of green production of 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid from bio‐derived 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural: Overcoming deactivation by concomitant amino acids
(2022) Neukum, Dominik; Baumgarten, Lorena; Wüst, Dominik; Sarma, Bidyut Bikash; Saraçi, Erisa; Kruse, Andrea; Grunwaldt, Jan‐Dierk
The oxidation of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) is highly attractive as FDCA is considered as substitute for the petrochemically derived terephthalic acid. There are only few reports on the direct use of unrefined HMF solutions from biomass resources and the influence of remaining constituents on the catalytic processes. In this work, the oxidation of HMF in a solution as obtained from hydrolysis and dehydration of saccharides in chicory roots was investigated without intermediate purification steps. The amount of base added to the solution was critical to increase the FDCA yield. Catalyst deactivation occurred and was attributed to poisoning by amino acids from the bio‐source. A strong influence of amino acids on the catalytic activity was found for all supported Au, Pt, Pd, and Ru catalysts. A supported AuPd(2 : 1)/C alloy catalyst exhibited both superior catalytic activity and higher stability against deactivation by the critical amino acids.
Effects of different ground segmentation methods on the accuracy of UAV-based canopy volume measurements
(2024) Han, Leng; Wang, Zhichong; He, Miao; He, Xiongkui; Han, Leng; College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Wang, Zhichong; Tropics and Subtropics Group, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany; He, Miao; College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; He, Xiongkui; College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
The nonuniform distribution of fruit tree canopies in space poses a challenge for precision management. In recent years, with the development of Structure from Motion (SFM) technology, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing has been widely used to measure canopy features in orchards to balance efficiency and accuracy. A pipeline of canopy volume measurement based on UAV remote sensing was developed, in which RGB and digital surface model (DSM) orthophotos were constructed from captured RGB images, and then the canopy was segmented using U-Net, OTSU, and RANSAC methods, and the volume was calculated. The accuracy of the segmentation and the canopy volume measurement were compared. The results show that the U-Net trained with RGB and DSM achieves the best accuracy in the segmentation task, with mean intersection of concatenation (MIoU) of 84.75% and mean pixel accuracy (MPA) of 92.58%. However, in the canopy volume estimation task, the U-Net trained with DSM only achieved the best accuracy with Root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.410 m 3 , relative root mean square error (rRMSE) of 6.40%, and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 4.74%. The deep learning-based segmentation method achieved higher accuracy in both the segmentation task and the canopy volume measurement task. For canopy volumes up to 7.50 m 3 , OTSU and RANSAC achieve an RMSE of 0.521 m 3 and 0.580 m 3 , respectively. Therefore, in the case of manually labeled datasets, the use of U-Net to segment the canopy region can achieve higher accuracy of canopy volume measurement. If it is difficult to cover the cost of data labeling, ground segmentation using partitioned OTSU can yield more accurate canopy volumes than RANSAC.
Etablierung und Vernetzung digital-gestützter Systeme auf Pferdebetrieben unter Berücksichtigung der betriebswirtschaftlichen Optimierung
(2024) Speidel, Linda Thurid; Dickhöfer, Uta
Das Management eines pferdehaltenden Betriebs umfasst eine Vielzahl arbeitswirtschaftlicher Herausforderungen. Dazu zählen unter anderem die zeitintensiven Arbeitsabläufe, das notwendige Kundenmanagement in Pensions- und Schulpferdebetrieben sowie die begrenzte Verfügbarkeit von Fachkräften. Auf Ackerbau- und Veredelungsbetrieben wird der Nutzen der Digitalisierung bereits wahrgenommen, da deren Einsatz unter anderem Potenzial zur Zeitersparnis und Arbeitserleichterung bietet. Obgleich des genannten Potenzials sind Pferdebetriebe bisher wenig digitalisiert und technisiert, die Grundversorgung erfolgt meist manuell. Im Rahmen dieser, im Projekt „Digitale Wertschöpfungsketten für eine nachhaltige kleinstrukturiert Landwirtschaft“ (DiWenkLa) angefertigten, Forschungsarbeit wurde daher untersucht, welche Möglichkeiten der Digitalisierung bisher genutzt werden und unter welchen Voraussetzungen die einzelnen Systeme in Pferdebetrieben etabliert werden können. Des Weiteren wurde analysiert, welche Auswirkungen der Einsatz dieser Systeme auf den Arbeitszeitbedarf im Pferdebetrieb hat und welche Informationen über Schnittstellen zwischen den Systemen ausgetauscht werden können. Dafür wurden von März 2020 bis Oktober 2023 Experteninterviews, (Arbeitszeit-)Beobachtungen und Online-Befragungen durchgeführt. Zunächst wurden die vorhandenen Möglichkeiten der digitalen Technisierung auf Pferdebetrieben in der Fütterung von Rau- und Krippenfutter, der Entmistung und Einstreu, der Gesundheits- und Sicherheitsüberwachung sowie der Kommunikation und dem Betriebsmanagement untersucht. Der Schwerpunkt lag auf den Voraussetzungen, die erfüllt sein müssen, um ausgewählte digital-technische Systeme auf den Betrieben zu etablieren. Zu diesem Zweck wurden Beobachtungen und Befragungen bei pferdehaltenden Betrieben (N=1235) und den Kooperationspartnern aus der Industrie des Projekts DiWenkLa durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Einbindung digital-technischer Systeme von der Investitionsbereitschaft der Betriebsleitenden, der stabilen Internetverbindung, einer verfügbaren Stromversorgung in den Stallgebäuden (Steckdosen) und dem vorhandenen Haltungssystem (z. B. Einzel- oder Gruppenhaltung sowie Gliederung der Haltung in Funktionsbereiche) abhängt. Auf den an einer Online-Befragung teilnehmenden Pferdebetrieben (N=451) wurden Kameras zur Sicherheits- (30,8 %) und Gesundheitsüberwachung (22,6 %) sowie Software für die Kundenkommunikation (24,8 %) und das Betriebsmanagement (13,7 %) eingesetzt. Die automatisierte Fütterung von Krippenfutter (9,3 %) und Raufutter (7,3 %) war selten vorhanden. Eine Gliederung der Haltung in Funktionsbereiche führte zu einem vermehrten Einsatz digital-technischer Systeme. Als Gründe gegen den Einsatz neuer digital-technischer Systeme wurden von den 207 teilnehmenden Betriebsleitenden die fehlenden Finanzmittel, der unbekannte wirtschaftliche Nutzen sowie der Kontaktverlust zu den Tieren genannt. In Anlehnung an die vorliegenden Ergebnisse erscheint eine erneute Erhebung der vorhandenen Systeme auf Pferdebetrieben sinnvoll, um etwaige Veränderungen im Verlauf der Zeit abzubilden und die Gründe für die Investition in neue digital-technische Systeme zu ermitteln. Des Weiteren sollte untersucht werden, ob Einsteller bei einem höheren Digitalisierungsgrad im Pferdebetrieb bereit sind, einen höheren Pensionspreis zu bezahlen. Zu diesem Zweck könnte die Zahlungsbereitschaft beim Einsatz von z. B. Futterautomation und intelligenten Kameras zur Gesundheitsüberwachung abgefragt werden. Des Weiteren wurde analysiert, welche betriebswirtschaftlichen Vorteile die auf den Pferdebetrieben etablierten, digital gesteuerten Systeme mit sich bringen können. Dazu wurden die möglichen Auswirkungen der Digitalisierung auf den Arbeitszeitbedarf für verschiedene Arbeitsabläufe wie die Fütterung, Entmistung und Hütesicherheit untersucht. Dies wurde durch Zeiterfassungen mit und ohne den Einsatz der Systeme sowie mit Hilfe von Online-Befragungen (N=1014) und Experteninterviews (N=16) realisiert. Die Ergebnisse der Untersuchungen zeigen bei der Einzelhaltung von Pferden eine potenzielle Arbeitszeitersparnis in der Fütterung und Entmistung von bis zu 65 % durch eine automatisierte Fütterung von Rau- und Krippenfutter und den Einsatz von mobiler Technik, wie beispielsweise einem Hoflader. Zudem kann der Einsatz dieser Systeme auch dazu führen, dass die benötigte Arbeitszeit in anderen Arbeitsabläufen sinkt. Ein Beispiel hierfür ist der Einsatz einer automatisierten Fütterung, welcher zu einer geringeren Arbeitszeit in der Kundenkommunikation führte. Dies wurde in den durchgeführten Datenerhebungen dadurch begründet, dass gewünschte Änderungen in der Rationsgestaltung automatisiert erfolgen und somit nicht persönlich kommuniziert werden müssen. Darüber hinaus lassen sich durch eine digitale Absprache und die Dokumentation wesentlicher Arbeitsschritte und Änderungen in den Abläufen sowie Kundenwünschen Fehler reduzieren und Missverständnisse vermeiden. Auf Basis der Ergebnisse sollten die Abfragen der Arbeitszeitbedarfe der Arbeitsabläufe mit exakten und vorgegebenen Werten wiederholt und teilweise ergänzt werden. Dies betrifft z. B. den Zeitbedarf für das Betriebsmanagement, die Tierkontrolle und den Weidegang. Dadurch können die vorhandenen Kalkulationsgrundlagen aktualisiert und das Bewusstsein der Betriebsleitenden für teils unbeachteten Arbeitszeitaufwand geschärft werden. Dieser kann wiederum durch den Einsatz von digital-technischen Systemen reduziert werden. Darüber hinaus wurde ein Konzept für eine Schnittstelle für digitale Systeme für Pferdebetriebe entwickelt, um den Datenaustausch zwischen Systemen zu vereinfachen und somit die Übersichtlichkeit der verschiedenen Informationen aus den eingesetzten Technologien zu optimieren sowie zusätzliche Zeitersparnis zu gewährleisten. Dazu wurden mittels Experteninterviews (N=20 Experten) die auszutauschenden Informationen zwischen Systemen für die Fütterung, die Entmistung und Einstreu, die Gesundheits- und Sicherheitsüberwachung sowie das Betriebsmanagement und die Kommunikation identifiziert, um eine verbesserte Übersicht für die Betriebsleitenden zu gewährleisten. In diesem Kontext wurde der Datenaustausch zwischen Futterautomationen und Kommunikationssoftware als besonders relevant hervorgehoben. Je nach Bedarf können die Informationen aus dem Datenaustausch transparent an die Kunden (z. B. Einsteller) weitergegeben werden. Eine Online-Befragung ergab, dass die Mehrheit (57,2 %) aller Teilnehmenden (N=451) Interesse an einer Vernetzung der Systeme zeigt. In zukünftigen Untersuchungen könnten zum einen die Gründe für das Interesse an einer Vernetzung analysiert werden, da bisher lediglich die Gegenposition untersucht wurde (d.h. Gründe gegen das Interesse an der Vernetzung). Zum anderen könnte die Einbindung weiterer Systeme neben den genannten geprüft werden, insbesondere die Anbindung der vorhandenen Hardware (z. B. Solarien, Aquatrainer) an das Internet und die (standardisierte) Programmierung der Schnittstelle, um z. B. eine unkomplizierte und transparente Abrechnung der Nutzung zu ermöglichen. Die Etablierung und Vernetzung digital-technischer Systeme in Pferdebetrieben ist bei erfüllbaren Voraussetzungen als sinnvoll anzusehen, da sie eine Arbeitszeiteinsparung generieren, eine Entlastung der Arbeitskräfte ermöglichen, die Kommunikation verbessern und das Betriebsmanagement sowie die Sicherheits- und Gesundheitskontrolle der Tiere vereinfachen. Diese Faktoren sind neben der Beachtung und Verbesserung des Tierwohls für eine nachhaltige, zukunftsfähige Pferdehaltung unabdingbar.
Fed-batch bioreactor cultivation of Bacillus subtilis using vegetable juice as an alternative carbon source for lipopeptides production: a shift towards a circular bioeconomy
(2024) Gugel, Irene; Vahidinasab, Maliheh; Benatto Perino, Elvio Henrique; Hiller, Eric; Marchetti, Filippo; Costa, Stefania; Pfannstiel, Jens; Konnerth, Philipp; Vertuani, Silvia; Manfredini, Stefano; Hausmann, Rudolf; Gugel, Irene; Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy, (S.V.);; Vahidinasab, Maliheh; Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150k), Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstrasse 12, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (E.H.B.P.);; Benatto Perino, Elvio Henrique; Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150k), Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstrasse 12, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (E.H.B.P.);; Hiller, Eric; Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150k), Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstrasse 12, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (E.H.B.P.);; Marchetti, Filippo; Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy, (S.V.);; Costa, Stefania; Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy, (S.V.);; Pfannstiel, Jens; Core Facility Hohenheim, Mass Spectrometry Unit, University of Hohenheim, Ottlie-Zeller-Weg 2, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; Konnerth, Philipp; Department of Conversion Technology of Biobased Resources, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 9, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany;; Vertuani, Silvia; Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy, (S.V.);; Manfredini, Stefano; Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy, (S.V.);; Hausmann, Rudolf; Department of Bioprocess Engineering (150k), Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstrasse 12, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (E.H.B.P.);; Gudiña, Eduardo
In a scenario of increasing alarm about food waste due to rapid urbanization, population growth and lifestyle changes, this study aims to explore the valorization of waste from the retail sector as potential substrates for the biotechnological production of biosurfactants. With a perspective of increasingly contributing to the realization of the circular bioeconomy, a vegetable juice, derived from unsold fruits and vegetables, as a carbon source was used to produce lipopeptides such as surfactin and fengycin. The results from the shake flask cultivations revealed that different concentrations of vegetable juice could effectively serve as carbon sources and that the fed-batch bioreactor cultivation strategy allowed the yields of lipopeptides to be significantly increased. In particular, the product/substrate yield of 0.09 g/g for surfactin and 0.85 mg/g for fengycin was obtained with maximum concentrations of 2.77 g/L and 27.53 mg/L after 16 h, respectively. To conclude, this study provides the successful fed-batch cultivation of B. subtilis using waste product as the carbon source to produce secondary metabolites. Therefore, the consumption of agricultural product wastes might be a promising source for producing valuable metabolites which have promising application potential to be used in several fields of biological controls of fungal diseases.
Food informatics - Review of the current state-of-the-art, revised definition, and classification into the research landscape
(2021) Krupitzer, Christian; Stein, Anthony
Background: The increasing population of humans, changing food consumption behavior, as well as the recent developments in the awareness for food sustainability, lead to new challenges for the production of food. Advances in the Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology, including Machine Learning and data analytics, might help to account for these challenges. Scope and Approach: Several research perspectives, among them Precision Agriculture, Industrial IoT, Internet of Food, or Smart Health, already provide new opportunities through digitalization. In this paper, we review the current state-of-the-art of the mentioned concepts. An additional concept is Food Informatics, which so far is mostly recognized as a mainly data-driven approach to support the production of food. In this review paper, we propose and discuss a new perspective for the concept of Food Informatics as a supportive discipline that subsumes the incorporation of information technology, mainly IoT and AI, in order to support the variety of aspects tangent to the food production process and delineate it from other, existing research streams in the domain. Key Findings and Conclusions: Many different concepts related to the digitalization in food science overlap. Further, Food Informatics is vaguely defined. In this paper, we provide a clear definition of Food Informatics and delineate it from related concepts. We corroborate our new perspective on Food Informatics by presenting several case studies about how it can support the food production as well as the intermediate steps until its consumption, and further describe its integration with related concepts.
Genetic architecture underlying the expression of eight α-amylase trypsin inhibitors
(2021) El Hassouni, Khaoula; Sielaff, Malte; Curella, Valentina; Neerukonda, Manjusha; Leiser, Willmar; Würschum, Tobias; Schuppan, Detlef; Tenzer, Stefan; Longin, C. Friedrich H.
Amylase trypsin inhibitors (ATIs) are important allergens in baker’s asthma and suspected triggers of non-celiac wheat sensitivity (NCWS) inducing intestinal and extra-intestinal inflammation. As studies on the expression and genetic architecture of ATI proteins in wheat are lacking, we evaluated 149 European old and modern bread wheat cultivars grown at three different field locations for their content of eight ATI proteins. Large differences in the content and composition of ATIs in the different cultivars were identified ranging from 3.76 pmol for ATI CM2 to 80.4 pmol for ATI 0.19, with up to 2.5-fold variation in CM-type and up to sixfold variation in mono/dimeric ATIs. Generally, heritability estimates were low except for ATI 0.28 and ATI CM2. ATI protein content showed a low correlation with quality traits commonly analyzed in wheat breeding. Similarly, no trends were found regarding ATI content in wheat cultivars originating from numerous countries and decades of breeding history. Genome-wide association mapping revealed a complex genetic architecture built of many small, few medium and two major quantitative trait loci (QTL). The major QTL were located on chromosomes 3B for ATI 0.19-like and 6B for ATI 0.28, explaining 70.6 and 68.7% of the genotypic variance, respectively. Within close physical proximity to the medium and major QTL, we identified eight potential candidate genes on the wheat reference genome encoding structurally related lipid transfer proteins. Consequently, selection and breeding of wheat cultivars with low ATI protein amounts appear difficult requiring other strategies to reduce ATI content in wheat products.
Haemotrophic mycoplasmas infecting pigs: a review of the current knowledge
(2024) Ade, Julia; Eddicks, Matthias; Ritzmann, Mathias; Hoelzle, Katharina; Hoelzle, Ludwig E.; Stadler, Julia; Ade, Julia; Department of Livestock Infectiology and Environmental Hygiene, Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany; Eddicks, Matthias; Clinic for Swine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany; Ritzmann, Mathias; Clinic for Swine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany; Hoelzle, Katharina; Department of Livestock Infectiology and Environmental Hygiene, Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany; Hoelzle, Ludwig E.; Department of Livestock Infectiology and Environmental Hygiene, Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany; Stadler, Julia; Clinic for Swine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany; Highland, Margaret A.
Haemotrophic mycoplasmas (haemoplasmas) are a group of highly specific and adapted bacteria. Three different haemoplasma species in pigs are known to date: Mycoplasma ( M .) suis , M. parvum and ‘ Candidatus ( Ca .) M. haemosuis’. Even though these bacteria have been known in pig farming for a long time, it is difficult to draw general conclusions about the relevance of their infections in pigs. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the three porcine haemoplasma species with regards to clinical and pathological descriptions, pathobiology, epidemiology and diagnostics as well as prevention and therapy. Overall, it is clear that considerably more data are available for M. suis than for the other two species, but generally, porcine haemoplasmas were found to be highly prevalent all over the world. Mycoplasma suis is the most virulent species, causing acute infectious anaemia in pigs (IAP), whereas M. parvum usually results in chronic and subclinical infections associated with performance losses. Little is known about the clinical significance of the recently discovered third porcine species ‘ Ca . M. haemosuis’. So far, the described pathogenic mechanisms mainly include direct destruction of erythrocytes via adhesion, invasion, eryptosis and nutrient scavenging, indirect erythrocyte lysis due to immune-mediated events and immune dysregulation processes. A review of published diagnostic data confirms PCR assays as the current standard method, with various cross-species and species-specific protocols. Overall, there is a need for further examination to obtain valuable insights for practical application, specifically regarding the importance of subclinical infections in naturally infected animals. An essential requirement for this will be to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms operating between the host and the pathogen.
Hemotrophic mycoplasmas - vector transmission in livestock
(2024) Arendt, Mareike; Stadler, Julia; Ritzmann, Mathias; Ade, Julia; Hoelzle, Katharina; Hoelzle, Ludwig E.; Arendt, Mareike; Department of Livestock Infectiology and Environmental Hygiene, Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany; (M.A.); (J.A.); (K.H.); Stadler, Julia; Clinic for Swine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany; (J.S.); (M.R.); Ritzmann, Mathias; Clinic for Swine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany; (J.S.); (M.R.); Ade, Julia; Department of Livestock Infectiology and Environmental Hygiene, Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany; (M.A.); (J.A.); (K.H.); Hoelzle, Katharina; Department of Livestock Infectiology and Environmental Hygiene, Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany; (M.A.); (J.A.); (K.H.); Hoelzle, Ludwig E.; Department of Livestock Infectiology and Environmental Hygiene, Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany; (M.A.); (J.A.); (K.H.); Dozois, Charles M.
Hemotrophic mycoplasmas (HMs) are highly host-adapted and specialized pathogens infecting a wide range of mammals including farm animals, i.e., pigs, cattle, sheep, and goats. Although HMs have been known for over 90 years, we still do not know much about the natural transmission routes within herds. Recently, it has been repeatedly discussed in publications that arthropod vectors may play a role in the transmission of HMs from animal to animal. This is mainly since several HM species could be detected in different potential arthropod vectors by PCR. This review summarizes the available literature about the transmission of bovine, porcine, ovine, and caprine HM species by different hematophagous arthropod vectors. Since most studies are only based on the detection of HMs in potential vectors, there are rare data about the actual vector competence of arthropods. Furthermore, there is a need for additional studies to investigate, whether there are biological vectors in which HMs can multiply and be delivered to new hosts.
Impacts of different light spectra on CBD, CBDA and terpene concentrations in relation to the flower positions of different cannabis Sativa L. strains
(2022) Reichel, Philipp; Munz, Sebastian; Hartung, Jens; Kotiranta, Stiina; Graeff-Hönninger, Simone
Cannabis is one of the oldest cultivated plants, but plant breeding and cultivation are restricted by country-specific regulations. The plant has gained interest due to its medically important secondary metabolites, cannabinoids and terpenes. Besides biotic and abiotic stress factors, secondary metabolism can be manipulated by changing light quality and intensity. In this study, three morphologically different cannabis strains were grown in a greenhouse experiment under three different light spectra with three real light repetitions. The chosen light sources were as follows: a CHD Agro 400 ceramic metal-halide lamp with a sun-like broad spectrum and an R:FR ratio of 2.8, and two LED lamps, a Solray (SOL) and an AP67, with R:FR ratios of 13.49 and 4, respectively. The results of the study indicated that the considered light spectra significantly influenced CBDA and terpene concentrations in the plants. In addition to the different light spectra, the distributions of secondary metabolites were influenced by flower positions. The distributions varied between strains and indicated interactions between morphology and the chosen light spectra. Thus, the results demonstrate that secondary metabolism can be artificially manipulated by the choice of light spectrum, illuminant and intensity. Furthermore, the data imply that, besides the cannabis strain selected, flower position can have an impact on the medicinal potencies and concentrations of secondary metabolites.
New insights into the phylogeny of the A.Br.161 (“A.Br.Heroin”) clade of Bacillus anthracis
(2024) Antwerpen, Markus; Beyer, Wolfgang; Grass, Gregor; Antwerpen, Markus; Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology (IMB), 80937 Munich, Germany; Beyer, Wolfgang; Department of Livestock Infectiology and Environmental Hygiene, Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; Grass, Gregor; Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology (IMB), 80937 Munich, Germany; Anderson, Deborah
Bacillus anthracis is a rare but highly dangerous zoonotic bacterial pathogen. At the beginning of this century, a new manifestation of the disease, injectional anthrax, emerged as a result of recreational heroin consumption involving contaminated drugs. The organisms associated with this 13-year-lasting outbreak event in European drug consumers were all grouped into the canonical single-nucleotide polymorphism (canSNP) clade A-branch (A.Br.) 161 of B. anthracis . Related clade A.Br.161 strains of B. anthracis not associated with heroin consumption have also been identified from different countries, mostly in Asia. Because of inadvertent spread by anthropogenic activities, other strains of this A.Br.161 lineage were, however, isolated from several countries. Thus, without additional isolates from this clade, its origin of evolution or its autochthonous region remains obscure. Here, we genomically characterized six new A.Br.161 group isolates, some of which were from Iran, with others likely historically introduced into Germany. All the chromosomes of these isolates could be grouped into a distinct sub-clade within the A.Br.161 clade. This sub-clade is separated from the main A.Br.161 lineage by a single SNP. We have developed this SNP into a PCR assay facilitating the future attribution of strains to this group.
Setting life cycle assessment (LCA) in a future-oriented context: the combination of qualitative scenarios and LCA in the agri-food sector
(2022) Voglhuber-Slavinsky, Ariane; Zicari, Alberto; Smetana, Sergiy; Moller, Björn; Dönitz, Ewa; Vranken, Liesbet; Zdravkovic, Milena; Aganovic, Kemal; Bahrs, Enno; Voglhuber-Slavinsky, Ariane; Institute of Farm Management, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany; Zicari, Alberto; Division of Bioeconomics, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Smetana, Sergiy; DIL German Institute of Food Technologies e.V, Quakenbrück, Germany; Moller, Björn; Competence Center Foresight, Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research ISI, Karlsruhe, Germany; Dönitz, Ewa; Competence Center Foresight, Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research ISI, Karlsruhe, Germany; Vranken, Liesbet; Division of Bioeconomics, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Zdravkovic, Milena; DIL German Institute of Food Technologies e.V, Quakenbrück, Germany; Aganovic, Kemal; DIL German Institute of Food Technologies e.V, Quakenbrück, Germany; Bahrs, Enno; Institute of Farm Management, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
By combining qualitative scenarios and life cycle assessment (LCA), we place the latter in a larger context. This study outlines the importance of the integration of future perspectives into LCA, and also the significance of taking changes in the environment of technology into account, rather than just technological development itself. Accordingly, we focused on adapting the background system of an attributional LCA in the agri-food sector. The proposed technology was assumed not have evolved in the considered time horizon. In this context, the objectives of this paper were twofold: (i) to methodologically prove the applicability of integrating qualitative scenarios into LCA and (ii) to focus on changes in the background system, which is sometimes overlooked in the context of future-oriented LCA. This allowed to evaluate the future potential of different technologies, assessing their environmental impact under uncertain future developments. Methodologically, the qualitative information from scenarios was transformed into quantitative data, which was successively fed into the life cycle inventory (LCI) of the LCA approach. This point of integration into the second phase of LCA translates into future changes in the entire environment in which a technology is used. This means that qualitatively described scenario narratives need to be converted into value estimates in order to be incorporated into the LCA model. A key conclusion is that changes in the background of an LCA—the changing framework expressed through the inventory database—can be very important for the environmental impact of emerging technologies. This approach was applied to a food processing technology to produce apple juice. The proposed methodology enables technology developers to make their products future-proof and robust against socioeconomic development. In addition, the market perspective, if spelled out in the scenarios, can be integrated, leading to a more holistic picture of LCA with its environmental focus, while simultaneously empowering actors to make the right strategic decisions today, especially when considering the long investment cycles in the agri-food sector.

Browse

Browsing Fakultät Agrarwissenschaften by Sustainable Development Goals "9"