Browsing by Person "Leiser, Willmar L."

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Can we abandon phosphorus starter fertilizer in maize? Results from a diverse panel of elite and doubled haploid landrace lines of maize (Zea mays L.)
(2022) Roller, Sandra; Weiß, Thea M.; Li, Dongdong; Liu, Wenxin; Schipprack, Wolfgang; Melchinger, Albrecht E.; Hahn, Volker; Leiser, Willmar L.; Würschum, Tobias
The importance of phosphorus (P) in agriculture contrasts with the negative environmental impact and the limited resources worldwide. Reducing P fertilizer application by utilizing more efficient genotypes is a promising way to address these issues. To approach this, a large panel of maize (Zea mays L.) comprising each 100 Flint and Dent elite lines and 199 doubled haploid lines from six landraces was assessed in multi-environment field trials with and without the application of P starter fertilizer. The treatment comparison showed that omitting the starter fertilizer can significantly affect traits in early plant development but had no effect on grain yield. Young maize plants provided with additional P showed an increased biomass, faster growth and superior vigor, which, however, was only the case under environmental conditions considered stressful for maize cultivation. Importantly, though the genotype-by-treatment interaction variance was comparably small, there is genotypic variation for this response that can be utilized in breeding. The comparison of elite and doubled haploid landrace lines revealed a superior agronomic performance of elite material but also potentially valuable variation for early traits in the landrace doubled haploid lines. In conclusion, our results illustrate that breeding for P efficient maize cultivars is possible towards a reduction of P fertilizer in a more sustainable agriculture.
Do we need to breed for regional adaptation in soybean? - Evaluation of genotype-by-location interaction and trait stability of soybean in Germany
(2023) Döttinger, Cleo A.; Hahn, Volker; Leiser, Willmar L.; Würschum, Tobias
Soybean is a crop in high demand, in particular as a crucial source of plant protein. As a short-day plant, soybean is sensitive to the latitude of the growing site. Consequently, varieties that are well adapted to higher latitudes are required to expand the cultivation. In this study, we employed 50 soybean genotypes to perform a multi-location trial at seven locations across Germany in 2021. Two environmental target regions were determined following the latitude of the locations. Adaptation and trait stability of seed yield and protein content across all locations were evaluated using Genotype plus Genotype-by-Environment (GGE) biplots and Shukla’s stability variance. We found a moderate level of crossing-over type genotype-by-location interaction across all locations. Within the environmental target regions, the genotype-by-location interaction could be minimised. Despite the positive correlation (R = 0.59) of seed yield between the environmental target regions and the same best-performing genotype, the genotype rankings differed in part substantially. In conclusion, we found that soybean can be grown at a wide range of latitudes across Germany. However, the performance of genotypes differed between the northern and southern locations, with an 18.8% higher mean yield in the south. This in combination with the observed rank changes of high-performing genotypes between both environmental target regions suggests that selection targeted towards environments in northern Germany could improve soybean breeding for those higher latitude regions.
Genetic dissection of phosphorus use efficiency in a maize association population under two P levels in the field
(2021) Li, Dongdong; Wang, Haoying; Wang, Meng; Li, Guoliang; Chen, Zhe; Leiser, Willmar L.; Weiß, Thea Mi; Lu, Xiaohuan; Wang, Ming; Chen, Shaojiang; Chen, Fanjun; Yuan, Lixing; Würschum, Tobias; Liu, Wenxin
High-resolution association mapping with libraries of immortalized lines from ancestral landraces
(2021) Würschum, Tobias; Weiß, Thea M.; Renner, Juliane; Friedrich Utz, H.; Gierl, Alfons; Jonczyk, Rafal; Römisch-Margl, Lilla; Schipprack, Wolfgang; Schön, Chris-Carolin; Schrag, Tobias A.; Leiser, Willmar L.; Melchinger, Albrecht E.
Landraces are traditional varieties of crops that present a valuable yet largely untapped reservoir of genetic variation to meet future challenges of agriculture. Here, we performed association mapping in a panel comprising 358 immortalized maize lines from six European Flint landraces. Linkage disequilibrium decayed much faster in the landraces than in the elite lines included for comparison, permitting a high mapping resolution. We demonstrate this by fine-mapping a quantitative trait locus (QTL) for oil content down to the phenylalanine insertion F469 in DGAT1-2 as the causal variant. For the metabolite allantoin, related to abiotic stress response, we identified promoter polymorphisms and differential expression of an allantoinase as putative cause of variation. Our results demonstrate the power of this approach to dissect QTL potentially down to the causal variants, toward the utilization of natural or engineered alleles in breeding. Moreover, we provide guidelines for studies using ancestral landraces for crop genetic research and breeding.
How can we breed for phosphate efficiency in maize (Zea mays)?
(2022) Weiß, Thea M.; Li, Dongdong; Roller, Sandra; Liu, Wenxin; Hahn, Volker; Leiser, Willmar L.; Würschum, Tobias
Future farming is required to produce high yields with reduced inputs. Increased fertilizer prices and policy goals underline the need to breed for nutrient‐efficient varieties. We therefore conducted a multienvironmental field trial comprising 400 maize genotypes, half elite lines and half doubled haploid lines from six European landraces and assessed yield parameters and corresponding phosphorus concentrations at two developmental stages. From these traits, we derived several measures for phosphate efficiency and evaluated them phenotypically and genetically. The results of this study revealed that ample variation for phosphate efficiency is present in maize. However, while elite material clearly outperformed all landraces with regard to yield‐related traits, some landrace genotypes indicated superior early development characteristics. The phosphate efficiency measures showed a complex genetic architecture, and hence, genomic selection appears best suited to assist their improvement. Taken together, breeding for phosphate efficiency is feasible but should be performed under the same conditions in which the crops are eventually grown because phosphate efficiency and what is deemed a sustainable P balance largely depends on the context.